. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . ISELLElWATtf fmiiiif inrAirt \ (OONDO) trances, their telescopes placed in the same verti-cal plane, and the direction of the axis suppliedto them whenever necessary. The directionof the Saint Gotthard was determined bycareful triangulation; the fine topographic mapsof Switzerland forming an important and valu-able adjunct to the operations. Owing to thegreat elevation at which the tunnel was driven,that of the north and south portal
. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . ISELLElWATtf fmiiiif inrAirt \ (OONDO) trances, their telescopes placed in the same verti-cal plane, and the direction of the axis suppliedto them whenever necessary. The directionof the Saint Gotthard was determined bycareful triangulation; the fine topographic mapsof Switzerland forming an important and valu-able adjunct to the operations. Owing to thegreat elevation at which the tunnel was driven,that of the north and south portals being re-spectively 3,639 feet, and 3,757 feet above sea-level, seven sets of helical or spiral tunnels, fouron the Italian, between Giornico and Fiesso, andthree on the Swiss side, were constructed tobring the railway up to the great elevations ofthe portals. This system, designed by Hellwag,the engineer-in-chief, comprised a series of onehundred tunnels in all, some of which are 6,000feet or more in length, making the total dis-tance tunneled slightly less than 23 miles. Un-der these conditions, the trains enter the footof the mountains and by winding
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookidamericanauni, bookyear1903
