. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 26 L. E. Acosta, T. I. Poretti & P. E. Mascarelli < o Q) o o. o4== ¿.010 3550 3090 2630 2170 1710 1250 790 330 Wavenumber Fig. 7: Infrared spectrophotometry of the mouth exudate. of an I. R. spectrophotometry (fig. 6), where the characteristic peaks of ketones (quiñones) were observed, but also one peak corresponding to the alcohols (phenols) in a relatively low proportion of the total sample. With these results, the yellow secretion is likely to
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 26 L. E. Acosta, T. I. Poretti & P. E. Mascarelli < o Q) o o. o4== ¿.010 3550 3090 2630 2170 1710 1250 790 330 Wavenumber Fig. 7: Infrared spectrophotometry of the mouth exudate. of an I. R. spectrophotometry (fig. 6), where the characteristic peaks of ketones (quiñones) were observed, but also one peak corresponding to the alcohols (phenols) in a relatively low proportion of the total sample. With these results, the yellow secretion is likely to be a mixture of quiñones and phenols. These are, in accordance to the obtained data: 2,3-dimethyl-l,4-benzo- quinone, 2,3,5-trimethyl-l,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl-l,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dimethylphenol, 2-methyl-5-ethylphenol, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylphenol. We were not able to compare these analyses with authentic samples of the same substances; for this reason, they should be regarded as subject to confirmation. Colourless fluid: The mouth exudate showed an infrared spectrum (fig. 7) prac- tically coincident with that of water (verified with a spectrum of the Sigma Chemical Compounds Library), the trace elements being undetectable. According to Holmberg (1986), the suborder Laniatores is the only one whose defen- sive secretions are composed by two fluids. Actually, this was only proved in one species of Gonyleptidae, four of Cosmetidae, and — tentatively — one of Stygnom- matidae (table 2). It is nevertheless possible that in the first family the phenomenon occurs more widespread. Recently, Clawson (1988) cited for the first time the mixture of oral and glandular fluids in one Palpator, Leiobunum vittatum (Say) (Phalangii- dae), but he gave no further details of his observations. The emission of the enteric liquid in P. goliath is clearly related to the delivery mechanism of the repellent substance used by this species. Within the order Opiliones an ample variety
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