A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . Netvton AMERICA 463 The Wealth of Nations, the first complete system of politicaleconomy. America The most notable American writers before the War of Independencewere Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758), a great met-aphysical genins, and thefounder of a school oftheology; and BenjaminFranklin (1706-1790), / whose writings, in ex-cellent English, relatedmainly to ethical and /^ economical topics. As theRevolution approached,there sprang up authorsof ability on the politi-cal questions of the Federalist, writtenafter the war,
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . Netvton AMERICA 463 The Wealth of Nations, the first complete system of politicaleconomy. America The most notable American writers before the War of Independencewere Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758), a great met-aphysical genins, and thefounder of a school oftheology; and BenjaminFranklin (1706-1790), / whose writings, in ex-cellent English, relatedmainly to ethical and /^ economical topics. As theRevolution approached,there sprang up authorsof ability on the politi-cal questions of the Federalist, writtenafter the war, by Hamil-ton, Madison, and Jay, in favor of the proposed Constitution, is a work of high merit,as regards both matter and Franklin PEKIOD IV. —THE EEA OP THE EKENOH REVOLUTION (1789-1815) CHAPTER LXVII INTRODUCTION Character and Causes of the Revolution— The French Eevo-lution was a tremendous upheaval of society which broughtwith it the abolition of feudalism and monarchy, and thesecuring of an equality of political rights. Its effects werefelt in all the civilized nations of the world. As a conse-quence the modern state was substituted for the mediaevalstate. One of the principal causes that led to the Revolutionwas the hostility felt by the lower classes towards the king,the nobles, and the clergy. The nobles and the clergy had intheir hands nearly two thirds of the land of France. The noblespreferred the gaieties of Paris to a residence on their clergy held an immense amount of land, and derived avast income from tithes and other sources. Manufactures andtrade had become fettered by oppressive monopolies. Thereign of Louis XIV. left the higher orders in the exercise ofnumberless compl
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