. Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush;. Birds; Birds. THE BILL 21 A bill is hooked w when the upper mandible is abruptly curved over the lower. In such cases the mandible often has teeth along its edge, and the word dentate21 is used; if there are a number of teeth of about equal size, the word serrate a is used. Spatulate, or spoon-shaped,™ indicates a bill much depressed as well as widened at the end. Cultrate, or knife-shaped,24 indicates a much compressed bill with sharp edges. Falcate, or scythe- shaped,
. Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush;. Birds; Birds. THE BILL 21 A bill is hooked w when the upper mandible is abruptly curved over the lower. In such cases the mandible often has teeth along its edge, and the word dentate21 is used; if there are a number of teeth of about equal size, the word serrate a is used. Spatulate, or spoon-shaped,™ indicates a bill much depressed as well as widened at the end. Cultrate, or knife-shaped,24 indicates a much compressed bill with sharp edges. Falcate, or scythe- shaped, indicates a curved, cultrate one. In the crossbill, the upper and lower mandibles are oppositely The ducks, geese, and a few other birds have a peculiar set of ridges just within the edges of the mandibles, in certain cases looking much like teeth; they are called lamellm, and a bill that has them, Besides the foregoing general terms, applying more or less to all bills, there are some special forms which have been given names that are frequently used in descriptions of birds. These need to be well fixed in mind. Conirostral indicates such a bill as the English sparrow has, — stout at base, conical in form, and with the gape so angulated as to bring the corners of the mouth down. Conirostral bills are short5 in the sparrows and long27 in the orioles. The swallows, etc., have Jissirostral28 bills. In this class of bills the culmen is very short, but the gape is both wide and deep, — about as wide as the head and so deep as to reach to the eyes. The creepers and the hum- mingbirds have tenuirostral19 bills. The tenuirostral bill is slender, long, and has a rather short gape. The snipes have longirostral6 bills; the bill is elongated, nearly equal in size throughout, and with the upper mandible grooved for the slit- like 20 ' ^ 25. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1898
