The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . attention from God. Bernards methods were characterized by some asodd and reprehensible. He continued, however, toenjoy the friendship and admiration of saintly priestslike Bourdoise, Olier, and St. Vincent de Paul, anample justification of his character and sacerdotalministry. In the history of charity he bears a strik-ing resemblance to St. Irancis of Assisi and St. \in-cent de Paul, and his beatification has often beenurged by the royal cour


The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . attention from God. Bernards methods were characterized by some asodd and reprehensible. He continued, however, toenjoy the friendship and admiration of saintly priestslike Bourdoise, Olier, and St. Vincent de Paul, anample justification of his character and sacerdotalministry. In the history of charity he bears a strik-ing resemblance to St. Irancis of Assisi and St. \in-cent de Paul, and his beatification has often beenurged by the royal court and by the clergy of founded at Paris, for the education of poor candi-dates for the priesthood, the seminary of the Trente-Trois, which still exists. He contributed much topopularize the beautiful prayer to the Blessed Virginknown as the Memorare, sometimes attributed to him,but certainly of an earlier date. The life of Bernard has been written by Gauffre (1680), (1708); RioM (lS34l; Feller, Biog. unii. (Paris;1S34), II, 244; Rohebacheh, IlUl. de VEglwe (Paris, 1850),XXV, 251-261. B. Schrantz. BERNARD 497 BERNARD. Claude Bernard Bernard, Claude.—French physiologist, b. 12July, 1813 at Saint Julien near Villefranche, France;d. at Paris, 10 February, 1878. His father was theproprietor of a vineyard and his early education,which was begun by the village cure, was obtainedat the Jesuit college in Villefranche. Going to Lyons to continue hisstudies, he be-came instead apharmacists as-sistant. Whilehere, his literaryambitions led himto write a come-dy, La rose duRhone, whichwas put on thestage. Encour-aged by its recep-tion, he wrote afive act dramaand setting outin 1834 for Paris,submitted it toSaint Marc Gi-rardin, the well-known latter foundevidence of literary ability in the young authorswork, but advised him to study medicine as amore certain means of securing a livelihood thanliterature. Bernard followed this counsel, whichproved the


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