China: Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Bufang (1903—1975), a Muslim warlord from Hezhou (Linxia), one of the leading members of the Northwestern 'Ma clique'. Ma Bufang and his older brother Ma Buqing (1901–1977) were born in Monigou Township in what is today Linxia County, some 35 km west of Linxia City. Their father Ma Qi formed the Ninghai Army in Qinghai in 1915, and received civilian and military posts from the Beiyang Government in Beijing in that same year confirming his military and civilian authority in Qinghai.

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