. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. STATUS OF NEOTROPICAL GARTER SNAKES 31. -14 Fig. 4. Map of southern Mexico and northern Central America showing distribution of Tliamno- phis cyrtopsis cullaris only in Chiapas and Guatemala (solid circles), and know n distribution of Tham- nopltis fiihiis (open circles). The two taxa also differ in hemipenial morphology. The hemipenis in both Thamnophisfiihiis and Thamnopliis cyrlopsis collaris is bilobed with a nude apex and a simple straight sulcus spermaticus, and has differentiated spinose orna- mentation with enlarged basal hooks (te
. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. STATUS OF NEOTROPICAL GARTER SNAKES 31. -14 Fig. 4. Map of southern Mexico and northern Central America showing distribution of Tliamno- phis cyrtopsis cullaris only in Chiapas and Guatemala (solid circles), and know n distribution of Tham- nopltis fiihiis (open circles). The two taxa also differ in hemipenial morphology. The hemipenis in both Thamnophisfiihiis and Thamnopliis cyrlopsis collaris is bilobed with a nude apex and a simple straight sulcus spermaticus, and has differentiated spinose orna- mentation with enlarged basal hooks (terminology of Dowling and Savage 1960). The proximal and distalmost spines are smallest and grade into an area of slightly larger and more dispersed spines just distal to the enlarged hooks. The basal area in the vicinity of the sulcus and hooks is mostly bare, relatively devoid of small spines (but spines dense on asulcate side). Both taxa have two pair of enlarged basal hooks on either side of the sulcus with the medial pair smaller than, and slightly distal to, the lateral pair. There is no further modification of this ground- plan in T. fiilviis (Fig. 5A). The drawing of the hemipenis offitlviis is based on an examination of the everted hemipenes of 16 specimens (UMMZ 91050. 94636, 98288, 98290, 98294-96. 100513, 106738; UTA 2462. 2465, 2467, 5544. , 6611), all of which are consistent in the above-mentioned features, except for two specimens—the right organ of UMMZ 98288 has only one enlarged medial hook (left organ has two medial hooks), and the left organ of UTA 2467 has onl\' one medial hook, which is as large as either lateral hook (right organ has two medial hooks). The size of the medial hooks in T. fiilviis seems to vary slightly relative to that of the lateral hooks. In Tluimnopliis cyrtopsis collaris a smaller hook (but larger than surrounding spines) occurs between and slightly laterad to the two large lateral hooks (Fig. 5B, left). The individual hooks
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