Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . in Spulers figureof Cerura vinulu (fig. 48), to which we haveadded the numbering of all the veins. He showsthat the fundamental jjupal venation of Lepi-doptera will also apply to Ortlioptera (Blatta),Hemiptera, Trichoptera, etc. He proves thatthe cross veins are of quite secondary and subor-dinate importance. The results of Spulers in-vestigations, extended through different grouiisfrom Tiueina to Rhopalocera, and illustrated bymany figures, are both interesting and The comparison of the venation of thefore wing of the adult of Gnu-nar
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . in Spulers figureof Cerura vinulu (fig. 48), to which we haveadded the numbering of all the veins. He showsthat the fundamental jjupal venation of Lepi-doptera will also apply to Ortlioptera (Blatta),Hemiptera, Trichoptera, etc. He proves thatthe cross veins are of quite secondary and subor-dinate importance. The results of Spulers in-vestigations, extended through different grouiisfrom Tiueina to Rhopalocera, and illustrated bymany figures, are both interesting and The comparison of the venation of thefore wing of the adult of Gnu-nariu si/rliu/cUa(fig. 49, A), coini)arcd with that of its scmiimpa(flg. 49, B). shows that the generalized venation of the latter is similar to that of Micropteryx,veins IVi IVj not being connected by a cross vein with III and its branches; and veins II andIII with their branches, being separate. The veins and their numbering are Indicated by Spulersfigure of Tahvporia j^seudolximhyviUa and one we have drawn ttf Hcpialus musteliniin (fig. 51).. Fig. 51.—Venation of Hepiadiscal vein ; j. .iiluum. Ixismtustelinus; rf, auterior; (/.posterior 86 MEMOIES OF THE XATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIEJSXES. It may be remarked that Spuler agrees witli Braiier and Redtenbacher, as well as Haase, thatAdolphs system of convex and coucave veins Is entirely erroneous. We adopt, then, Spnlers system of venation, and earnestly trust that it may be generallyaccepted as simple, intellioible, and applicable to all orders of insects, based as it is onontogenetic, as well as anatomical, grounds. The following system applies to the Le])idoptera as well as all other orders. Fig. 52represents the venation of a Notodontian {Heterocampa ohliqua). We merely deviate, frommotives of convenience and for the sake of uniformity, from Spulers numeration of the two analveins, by numbering them VI and ^II, instead of designating them by the Greek letters a fi.
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