. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. Straw stack sliowing proper metliod of building strawstack. (Bishopp.) Horn Flies Haematohia sanguisugens is an Indian bloodsucker, which attackscattle and horses. The principal species of horn flies belong to thegenus Lyperosia,^ of which L. irritans Linnaeus (plate XVIII) and Meijere are the two commonest bloodsuckers. The latter isoriental. The horn fly was treated very fully by Marlatt in a circularnow out of print. This species is so called because of the habit of theadults of clustering on the base of a co
. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. Straw stack sliowing proper metliod of building strawstack. (Bishopp.) Horn Flies Haematohia sanguisugens is an Indian bloodsucker, which attackscattle and horses. The principal species of horn flies belong to thegenus Lyperosia,^ of which L. irritans Linnaeus (plate XVIII) and Meijere are the two commonest bloodsuckers. The latter isoriental. The horn fly was treated very fully by Marlatt in a circularnow out of print. This species is so called because of the habit of theadults of clustering on the base of a cows horn. The flies also clusteron other parts of the animal and cause great annoyance. Even when notfeeding the flies rest on the cattle. The eggs are laid singly on the surfaceof wet dung. The moment the dung is dropped a swarm of flies dart fromthe animal to the dung and remain there a few seconds, during which time- Dr. J. M. Aldrich does not recognize Lyperosia, but places our American species inHaematohia.—W. D. Pierce. BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FLIES 233. Plate XVIII.—The horn fly, Lifperosia vrritans. Fig. 1 (upper).—Flies on cow. (lower).—Cow pasture showing droppings improperly left to breed (Bishopp.) 234 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY many eggs are deposited. The flies immediately return to the cow. Thelarvae migrate from the dung when about to pupate and the puparia areusually found at some distance away or under the sides of the patch ofdung. The horn fly in America requires about 17 days from egg toadult. Protection of the animal from the horn fly by the use of repellents issuggested. In this connection Graybills bulletin on repellents shouldbe consulted. Dipping vats and the cattle dip of the Bureau of AnimalIndustry (see Chapter XXXI, p. 442), now used in the control of theTexas fever tick, aid materially in reducing horn fly numbers. Two practical methods are available for attacking the larvae andpups. One is to throw lime on the dung, but the
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