. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 189 The Ascomycetes which bear apothecia are well known under the name of Discomycetes and Gymnocarpous Lichens. The apothecia in the largest species are compound sporophores of considerable size with limited growth in the direction of the apex or margin, club-shaped or cochleariform in Geoglossum, Spathulea, &c, a stalked cap in Morchella, Helvella, Leotia, Verpa, and others. The early stages of the development of these bodies
. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 189 The Ascomycetes which bear apothecia are well known under the name of Discomycetes and Gymnocarpous Lichens. The apothecia in the largest species are compound sporophores of considerable size with limited growth in the direction of the apex or margin, club-shaped or cochleariform in Geoglossum, Spathulea, &c, a stalked cap in Morchella, Helvella, Leotia, Verpa, and others. The early stages of the development of these bodies are little known, but they may be ranked as sporocarps with the forms which will be mentioned directly on account of similarity of structure, and the presence of intermediate forms, especially the large stalked Pezizae. The most characteristic and frequent form is that of the roundish or oblong disk-shaped. FIG. 88. Anaptychia ciliaris. Small piece of a vertical section through an apothecium ; m medullary layer of the thallus, y subhymenial layer, p paraphyses with asci between them. The numerals 1—4 represent successive stages in the development of the spores. After Sachs. Magn. 550 times. hymenia, which are plane, convex or concave, and in the latter case usually like a bowl or cup, on a stalked or sessile receptaculum or excipulum, as in the Pezizae and in most gymnocarpous Lichen-fungi. The usual mode of growth by gradual advance towards the apex or margin does not prevent the appearance of intercalary surface-growth, which does in fact occur very often and with very varying distribution of the preferred places of growth ; and this may produce a variety of changes in the original shape of the hymenial surface, such as splittings and prolifications, the latter producing a very peculiar and characteristic form in Gyrophora'. For the details of these phenomena, which have yet to be more certainly ascertained in many points, we must refer the reader to 1 See Krabbe in Bot
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