. Engineering for land drainage. A manual for laying out and constructing drains for the improvement of agricultural lands. Drainage. 48 ENGINEERING FOR LAND DRAINAGE. drain through some short cut than by the natural over- flow course. This is a matter, however, that should be examined with care before a location is made. Laterals should be laid in the line of greatest slope. Many think that by extending a drain across a slope, water coming through the soil from above will be intercepted by the drain and thus be prevented from passing further toward the foot of the slope. Practice has proved t
. Engineering for land drainage. A manual for laying out and constructing drains for the improvement of agricultural lands. Drainage. 48 ENGINEERING FOR LAND DRAINAGE. drain through some short cut than by the natural over- flow course. This is a matter, however, that should be examined with care before a location is made. Laterals should be laid in the line of greatest slope. Many think that by extending a drain across a slope, water coming through the soil from above will be intercepted by the drain and thus be prevented from passing further toward the foot of the slope. Practice has proved this to be a mistake. Lines for conveying the drainage-water may be located at right angles to the slopes if placed so far down on the bottom land. 30 feet Fig, 9.—Water-line in Retentive Clay Soils. that the grade of the drain is greater than the slope of the surface at the side, as a few facts will show. Water oozes through the soil along the line of steepest de- scent, at all times seeking a lower place where it can remain at rest. If a drain is placed across this course of soil water, the descent of the soil channels being greater than that of the drain, water will flow out of the joints of the drain and continue to ooze through the soil, only a small part being conveyed away by the drain. Place the drains up and down the slope, and all water coming into the drain will be carried away quickly, and little currents induced to flow toward the drain from both sides. See Fig. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Elliott, Charles Gleason, 1850-1926. New York, J. Wiley
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