. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. g farmers; butpresently came the cultivation of otherarts. A monastery prided itself on thebeauty of its church and buildings, asplanned and actually erected by themonks themselves unaided. Again, thecopying of manuscripts and the increasingof the common library came to be regard-ed as a work especially favored by Heaven;and to the patient monkish copyists weowe a very large part of all the preciousGreek and Roman classics handed downfrom antiquity. Finally, in the monasterymight be a school for the whole countryside, where at l
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. g farmers; butpresently came the cultivation of otherarts. A monastery prided itself on thebeauty of its church and buildings, asplanned and actually erected by themonks themselves unaided. Again, thecopying of manuscripts and the increasingof the common library came to be regard-ed as a work especially favored by Heaven;and to the patient monkish copyists weowe a very large part of all the preciousGreek and Roman classics handed downfrom antiquity. Finally, in the monasterymight be a school for the whole countryside, where at leastthe youths intended for the clergy could be taught Latinand a few simple sciences, in an age when even a great nobleamong the laity could seldom read or write. A monastery,then, was not merely part of a religious system: it was acenter for the handicrafts, for the arts, and for learning, oftenin a very backward or half-barbarous community. Such are some of the leading aspects of the Church of theMiddle Ages. To criticize its institutions seems for some mod-. A BENEDICTINE {From the Annates deIOrdre de Saint Benoit) 1 The term abbot is from Syriac abba — father. The chief assistant ofan abbot was known as the prior. An abbey was simply a large monastery ruled by an abbot. 28 HISTORY OF EUROPE erns exceedingly easy, yet it was really the one thing that savedcivilization from being blotted out in the barbarian Germanic king feared a Christian bishop and his appeal tothe saints and to Heaven, when he feared no Roman Emperor;and by the Church the ideals of humanity were upheld in anage which had almost forgotten them. REVIEW i. Topics — Council; Priest; Bishop; Archbishop; Parish; Diocese;Canon; Excommunication; Nicene Creed; Synod; Orthodox; Heresy;Regular Clergy; Secular Clergy; Abbot; Benedictine Rule. 2. Geography — Locate Rome; Nicaea; Monte Cassino. 3. What were the relations of the rulers to the Church (a) before and (b) after the German invasion? 4. Wli
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