. Mediæval and modern history . a total of seventy-one ships, including nine battleships. They wereinterned in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Scotland, where, in violation of the obligationsof the armistice, they were scuttled by their German crews, June 21, 1919. 2 The German Revolution began at Kiel a few days before the signing of the armi-stice. For a moment it looked as though affairs would fall into the hands of the com-munists, or Reds, as had happened in Russia. These extremists, however, were soonsuppressed, and a constitution formed by a National Constituent Assembly, — whichtransformed
. Mediæval and modern history . a total of seventy-one ships, including nine battleships. They wereinterned in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Scotland, where, in violation of the obligationsof the armistice, they were scuttled by their German crews, June 21, 1919. 2 The German Revolution began at Kiel a few days before the signing of the armi-stice. For a moment it looked as though affairs would fall into the hands of the com-munists, or Reds, as had happened in Russia. These extremists, however, were soonsuppressed, and a constitution formed by a National Constituent Assembly, — whichtransformed, nominally at least, the German Empire into a German Republic,—wasadopted July 31, 1919. 658 THE WORLD WAR [§ 725 A few days later (June 6) a comparatively small body of Amer-icans, marines and soldiers, made an attack upon a forest tract,known as Belleau Wood, near Chateau-Thierry, which the Ger-mans had made into a veritable machine-gun nest. Only afterthree weeks bitter fighting did they succeed in clearing the forest. From McMurrys I rapliy of the Great War, published by The Macmillan Company of the enemy. This was almost wholly an American accomplish-ment, and in recognition of the achievement the French govern-ment renamed the forest Marine Brigade Wood.^ While the x\merican soldiers on the battle front were thus help-ing to stop the German drive, back of the lines great preparations,under the direction of American engineers and experts of everykind, were being made for the reception, training, and equipment 1 This was not the first American offensive. A Httle before this operation (on May 28,1918) a division made up of units of the Regular American Army had made, with con-spicuous gallantry, a successful attack upon a strong enemy position at Cantigny, nearMontdidier. § 725] THE UNITED STATES IN THE WAR 659 of the greater armies yet to come from overseas. At selected baseports immense docks, warehouses, and storage plants were beinghurriedly constructed ; at poin
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