. China Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation Situation Analysis and Research Strategy - Final Report to the ESPA Programme. ESPA China Consortium, CAAS, Beijing, China. Section A: Status of poverty and ecosystems in China coefficient of income inequality for rural residents in 2003 was calculated as and for the whole nation as over (Xian. 2004). China has reduced income poverty in rural areas probably faster than any nation in human history. During the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy and in the process of modernization. China has accomplished the t
. China Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation Situation Analysis and Research Strategy - Final Report to the ESPA Programme. ESPA China Consortium, CAAS, Beijing, China. Section A: Status of poverty and ecosystems in China coefficient of income inequality for rural residents in 2003 was calculated as and for the whole nation as over (Xian. 2004). China has reduced income poverty in rural areas probably faster than any nation in human history. During the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy and in the process of modernization. China has accomplished the twin tasks of economic growth alongside with poverty reduction. Urban poverty Although this ESPA study focuses on rural poverty it should be noted that according to survey statistics China's urban poverty population should be between 15 million and 18 million, but viewpoints shared by most scholars consider China's urban poverty population should be over 30 million, and if migrant workers from the countryside are included China's urban poverty population could be 50 million. Population size and poverty headcount rate of rural China. r_ CO CA n CM n â a* LTj to t*- CO CTi CO 00 00 ca CA CA ca to CA CA CA B) OS CA CA en ca CA ca CA CA CA CA CA CA CM CM CSJ CM year Figure A Population below the poverty line in China. Distribution of poverty Poverty levels are highest in western China (Table A ) and are above 10% in Qinghai province and between 5% and 10% in western provinces such as Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shannxi, Gansu and Xingjiang. Absolute poverty in the western region is estimated to affect over 30 million people taking the definition of $ a day; a figure that would rise to 100 million taking the below $1 a day poverty line (Berry, 2003). Other estimates have placed the number of people in poverty in the 12 western provinces at 17 million (Yanlin, 2004). Poverty is particularly prevalent in mountainous areas where million poor people live, wh
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