. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTiNOPTERYGiAN Interrelationshii's • Lduder cuul Lieiu 177. Figure 58. Lateral view of the suprabranchia! cavity of a representative anabantoid fish after removal of the side of the head. Gills and "labyrinth organ " have been removed. Arrows indicate pathways for air and water. Structure over oo is a thickening of the operculum, shown here separately as a C-shaped sausagelike bulge. This bulge can be pressed tautly against the muscular process of the first epibranchial on which it lies, closing the opercul
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTiNOPTERYGiAN Interrelationshii's • Lduder cuul Lieiu 177. Figure 58. Lateral view of the suprabranchia! cavity of a representative anabantoid fish after removal of the side of the head. Gills and "labyrinth organ " have been removed. Arrows indicate pathways for air and water. Structure over oo is a thickening of the operculum, shown here separately as a C-shaped sausagelike bulge. This bulge can be pressed tautly against the muscular process of the first epibranchial on which it lies, closing the opercular opening (oo). (From Liem |1980b], courtesy of Plenum Publishing Co.) Abbreviations: at, atrium; bo, branchial opening; cb:„ fifth ceratobranchial; cd, caudodorsal compartment; cv, caudov- entral compartment; hy, hyoid; oo, opercular opening; pg, pectoral girdle; po, pharyngeal opening in floor of the suprabranchial cavity. bital) bone extends across the cheek to contact the outer surface of the preoper- cuhuii (Gutberlet, 1915; Rendahl, 1933); 2) In the caudal skeleton two platelike hypurals are sutured to the terminal half centrum. In general the scorpaeniform head and body tend to be spiny or bony- plated as a result of hypertrophied or oth- erwise specialized integumentary ossifi- cations. The phylogenetic relationships of the scorpaeniforms are unknown (Fig. 50) and the internal classification is still chaotic (Quast, 1965). Provisionally, we subdivide the scorpaeniforms into four suborders. The Scoipaenoidei, which re- mains ill defined, containing among oth- ers, the Scorpaenidae (rockfishes; Esch- meyer, 1965, 1969; Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966) with venom glands in the dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines and with internal fertilization as the dominant re- productive mode. The family contains about 60 genera with 330 species. The live-bearing genus Sebastes is the largest family with about 100 species. The Syn- anceiidae (stonefishes), has venom glands near the base o
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