. Biochemistry of plants and animals, an introduction. Biochemistry. OH -OH cyanidin ci- HO- ,^^^o+. / V^ o H OH OH —OH OH delphinidin involving positions 5 and 7, are found in different species. Glucose is the most common sugar, although mixed diglycosides occur. Usually the alternate sugar is L-rhamnose. The colors of these pigments are sensitive to pH changes. For ex- ample, pelargonidin and cyanidin are red in acid solution and blue in an alkaline solution, whereas delphinidin follows a reverse pat- tern. In some species, such as the hydrangea, it is possible to control the color of the fl
. Biochemistry of plants and animals, an introduction. Biochemistry. OH -OH cyanidin ci- HO- ,^^^o+. / V^ o H OH OH —OH OH delphinidin involving positions 5 and 7, are found in different species. Glucose is the most common sugar, although mixed diglycosides occur. Usually the alternate sugar is L-rhamnose. The colors of these pigments are sensitive to pH changes. For ex- ample, pelargonidin and cyanidin are red in acid solution and blue in an alkaline solution, whereas delphinidin follows a reverse pat- tern. In some species, such as the hydrangea, it is possible to control the color of the flower by adjusting the soil pH. Additional color variations are obtained by substituting methoxyl (CHg—O—) for hy- droxy! groups in positions V and/or 5', and sometimes in the 7 posi- tion. Hirsutidin, the coloring agent in blue grapes, is the 4-hydroxy- 3'-5'-7-trimethoxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium salt. Flavones, the water- soluble yellow and orange pigments, are derivatives of 2-phenylben- 2-phenylbenzopyrone Again, as in the anthocyanins, the members differ in the degree of hydroxylation. The flavonols have the basic structure of the flavones with the addition of a hydroxyl group in the 3 position. Generally flavones and flavonols carry hydroxyl groups in the 5 and 7 positions. Citronetin, the coloring agent of the citrus peel, is shown as an. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Mallette, M. Frank (Manney Frank), 1917-. New York, Wiley
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