. A short history of England and the British Empire. 74 ENGLAND UNDER NORMAN RULE little from the anarchy. The wave of emotion that calledforth the crusades continued to swell with irresisti-ble force, though its military phase was no longerprominent. In the days of Stephen there hadrisen a marvelous man to intellectual leadership in the church, Saint Bernard, the abbot of Clairvaux, a French The growingstrength ofthe Kirkstall Abbey(Conjectural restoration.) monk of unexampled piety, whose intellectual vision embracedthe entire church. Under his inspiration the reform wor
. A short history of England and the British Empire. 74 ENGLAND UNDER NORMAN RULE little from the anarchy. The wave of emotion that calledforth the crusades continued to swell with irresisti-ble force, though its military phase was no longerprominent. In the days of Stephen there hadrisen a marvelous man to intellectual leadership in the church, Saint Bernard, the abbot of Clairvaux, a French The growingstrength ofthe Kirkstall Abbey(Conjectural restoration.) monk of unexampled piety, whose intellectual vision embracedthe entire church. Under his inspiration the reform workwent on throughout all Europe. Even the anarchy of Stephensreign helped to strengthen the English church by drawing thepeople closer to its protecting sanctuaries. From StephenHenry II inherited two exasperating problems: how to dealwith a stubborn and arrogant group of barons and, what wasstill more difficult, how to deal with a church that was growingin consciousness of its power and was determined to obtainauthority as well as independence. 64. Summary: the Norman Period. For nearly ninetyyears the dynasty of William the Conqueror ruled in this period the English people had almost nothing to SUMMARY: THE NORMAN PERIOD 75 THE DOMINIONS OF WILLIAM I. Possessions of William I
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