. Dental electro-therapeutics. o alternating current; the high voltage continuous currentcircuit remains unaffected and always available for motorsand heating apparatuses. A modern switchboard is shown in Fig. 69. This is sup-plied either with the direct resistance or with the motorconverter. When the motor converter is employed themotor is fitted up for use as an operating room lathe andthus answers a double purpose. Low voltage instruments may be used with switch-boards or accumulators when they are provided withsuitable means for controlling and regulating the currentsupply. These instrumen


. Dental electro-therapeutics. o alternating current; the high voltage continuous currentcircuit remains unaffected and always available for motorsand heating apparatuses. A modern switchboard is shown in Fig. 69. This is sup-plied either with the direct resistance or with the motorconverter. When the motor converter is employed themotor is fitted up for use as an operating room lathe andthus answers a double purpose. Low voltage instruments may be used with switch-boards or accumulators when they are provided withsuitable means for controlling and regulating the currentsupply. These instruments, as a general rule, require an electro-motive force of from 2 to 10 volts, and an amperage of from| ampere to 8 amperes. Most switchboards provide for the safe use of instru-ments of this class, but they can also be worked from anyof the ordinary commercial accumulators, provided a suit-able regulating resistance is employed to prevent an unduerush of current. One of the most complete sets of low voltage instruments Fig. no. Switchboard. 150 ELECTRO-PHYSICS is the Russel set, made by the Electro Dental Manufactur-ing Co., and comprises mouth and antrum examining lamps,root-drier, gutta-percha and wax heating instruments,cautery, and bleaching points. The lamps are made for use at 4, 6, 8, and 10 volts. Thecautery which has a platinum loop is heated to a brightred with a current of from 3 to 4 volts, and 6 to 8 root-drier and other heating points consist of thinsilver or copper tubes which terminate in solid shaped ends;


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