. The trackman's helper . cessity foradzing and retamping, leaving the roadbed uniform,and making a smooth riding track. Thus a great sav-ing in track labor is accomplished. MAINTAIN GAGE. 5. By referring to Fig. 55 it will be seen that the lat-eral force tending to throw the rail to a wider gauge, isresisted by the outer spike only, marked Y, which inits turn is supported by the fiber of the wood back of it;but that when a tie plate is used the widening of gaugecan only then take place if both spikes Y and X togetherwith the plate move laterally, which is we have the full res
. The trackman's helper . cessity foradzing and retamping, leaving the roadbed uniform,and making a smooth riding track. Thus a great sav-ing in track labor is accomplished. MAINTAIN GAGE. 5. By referring to Fig. 55 it will be seen that the lat-eral force tending to throw the rail to a wider gauge, isresisted by the outer spike only, marked Y, which inits turn is supported by the fiber of the wood back of it;but that when a tie plate is used the widening of gaugecan only then take place if both spikes Y and X togetherwith the plate move laterally, which is we have the full resistance of both spikes, plusthat offered by the plate itself, to prevent widening ofgauge, giving an increased safety in operation. HOLDS RAIL VERTICAL. 6. Referring to Fig. 57, it is seen that of the twoforces acting on the head of the rail, the vertical one isby far the greater of the two. With the use of rail braces these two forces aretransmitted to the tie as follows: The small lateral force 258 THE TRACKMANS is transmitted directly to the rail brace and through it and the spikes holding it to the ties, but the much greater vertical force is transmitted to the tie directly at a point near the edge of the outer rail flange, and this force the rail brace is not designed to and does not resist, with the result that the tie is cut out and the rail brace is canted as in Fig. 58. By the use of the tie plate the much greater II vertical force is resisted by1/ J 4 the plate and is distributedFIG- 57- over the tie. The much smaller lateral force is resisted by the inner and one ortwo of the outer spikes, according to the necessity ofthe case. This fact has become so well established thatafter a trial of tie plates most railroads in the UnitedStates having the sharpest curves and heaviest gradeshave abandoned the useof rail braces and adopt-ed tie plates in theirstead. This is notable inthe case of the Norfolk& Western, Baltimore& Ohio, Denver & RioGrande, and other
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1900
