. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 14 J. C. NAUEN AND G. V. LAUDER 210- r34. 140 14 Time (s) Figure 4. The internal angle (a) of (inlets 3 (triangle). 4 (diamond). 5A (gray square), and 5B (black square) of a single individual over a tail stroke at / s"'. The angle between 5A and 5B (crosses) is also plotted. The dashed line indicates 180°. Axial body bending is indicated by the position of the body (at the insertion ot'rinlet 5A) on the ; axis (circles, 5A Z). entire tail stroke and (2) the fact that the P value at which sig
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 14 J. C. NAUEN AND G. V. LAUDER 210- r34. 140 14 Time (s) Figure 4. The internal angle (a) of (inlets 3 (triangle). 4 (diamond). 5A (gray square), and 5B (black square) of a single individual over a tail stroke at / s"'. The angle between 5A and 5B (crosses) is also plotted. The dashed line indicates 180°. Axial body bending is indicated by the position of the body (at the insertion ot'rinlet 5A) on the ; axis (circles, 5A Z). entire tail stroke and (2) the fact that the P value at which significance is achieved decreases with an increasing num- ber of tests (Rice, 1989). We investigated this further by determining whether the intratinlet angle differed from 90° at a specific time in the stroke. Kinematics during tail deceleration Three-quarters of the way through a stroke, the tail de- celerates (Nauen and Lauder, 2000). Intrafinlet angle (a) values averaged from three fish indicate that finlet flexure was low at this point in the stroke, because a values were generally close to 180° (Fig. 6). Individual variation in the a value for finlet 5A was high, however: two of the indi- viduals showed relatively low mean a values (mean ± SD of 151 ± 6° and 153 ± 7°, for fish 10 (n = 6) and fish 9 (n = 3). respectively), similar to the value of 144° seen at that point in the time series of a single stroke for Fish 10 (Fig. 4): in contrast, individual 7 showed a mean a value of 182 ± 1° (H = 3). This variation was reflected in the significant individual effect on a for finlets 4, 5A, 5B, and 5 (F , P < , Table 2). The significant interaction effect (F = , P = , Table 2) indi- cates that there was no consistent change among individuals in a with position on the body (, finlet number. Fig. 6). There was no significant effect of finlet position on the body on a (F == , P = ). At this point in the stroke, the AT angle of the posterior
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
