The Encyclopaedia Britannica; ..A dictionary of arts, sciences and general literature . in theOrkney Islands, Scotland, in 1813. He studied medicine at Edinburgh,and in 1833 was appointedsurgeon in the service ofthe Hudsons Bay Com-pany. In 1845 he sur-veyed some seven hundredmiles of coast, and in 1846made a boat-journey toRepulse Bay, where hewintered. In 1847 he trav-ersed seven hundred milesof coast, thus connectingthe surveys of Ross andParry. Returning to Lon-don, he joined the expedi-Richardson in search of SirJohn Franklin in 1848. In 1853-54 he made ex-plorations that proved King Will
The Encyclopaedia Britannica; ..A dictionary of arts, sciences and general literature . in theOrkney Islands, Scotland, in 1813. He studied medicine at Edinburgh,and in 1833 was appointedsurgeon in the service ofthe Hudsons Bay Com-pany. In 1845 he sur-veyed some seven hundredmiles of coast, and in 1846made a boat-journey toRepulse Bay, where hewintered. In 1847 he trav-ersed seven hundred milesof coast, thus connectingthe surveys of Ross andParry. Returning to Lon-don, he joined the expedi-Richardson in search of SirJohn Franklin in 1848. In 1853-54 he made ex-plorations that proved King Williams Land to bean island, obtained from the Eskimo informationof the fate of Franklin, and secured many relics ofFranklins party. For this discovery he receivedfifty thousand dollars, offered by the government ofGreat Britain. In i860 Rae surveyed the landpart of a nntemplated telegraph line to America,via the Faroe Islands and Iceland. In 1864 hecommenced another telegraph survey from Winni-peg across the Rocky Mountains through the Yel-low Head Pass. Some hundreds of miles of the. DR. JOHN RAE. tion under Sir John most dangerous part of the Eraser River were runthrough in small dugout canoes, without any guide,a very unusual and perilous undertaking. Raespublications are very few, consisting of a number ofshort papers on the Eskimo and other subjects; abrief narrative of the Arctic expedition of 1846-47,and brief reports of his various expeditions addressedto the Royal Geographical Society, which societyawarded him a gold medal. He died in London,July 21, 1893. RAFFLESIA. See Parasitism,, RAFINESQUE, Constantine Schmaltz, anAmerican naturalist; born in Constantinople, , 1783, of French-German parents. He was sentto America in 1802, and, developing a fondness fornatural history, made collections of botanical speci-mens. From 1805 to 1815 he lived in Leghornand Sicily, and published there The Flora and Nal-iiral History of Sicily; Sicilian Ichthyology {\Zi
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