. Elements of railroad track and construction . s also indicated by the lamp that is placed on the top ofthe stand by means of the attachment shown at the topof the vertical bar. The switch can also be locked in theposition desired. Switch stands are used in yards andin connection with side tracks that are not much case of an important switch or turnout from the maintrack a semaphore or banjo signal is used. In the Ramapo switch stands, Fig. 77, the signal andswitch rails are attached to the same switch rod. It isimperative that the signal and switch work in unison,as the engineman is
. Elements of railroad track and construction . s also indicated by the lamp that is placed on the top ofthe stand by means of the attachment shown at the topof the vertical bar. The switch can also be locked in theposition desired. Switch stands are used in yards andin connection with side tracks that are not much case of an important switch or turnout from the maintrack a semaphore or banjo signal is used. In the Ramapo switch stands, Fig. 77, the signal andswitch rails are attached to the same switch rod. It isimperative that the signal and switch work in unison,as the engineman is guided solely by the target or signal,as it would be impossible to distinguish the position of TURNOUTS. 115 the switch rails even when running within the speedHmits allowed in yards. 125. Guard Rails.—Guard rails are always placedopposite a frog, as shown in Fig. 59, on both the turnoutand main rails. They are usually from twelve to fifteenfeet in length and are shaped in different ways. Inone extreme they are curved throughout their entire. Fig. 77. length and are so placed that the center of the arc is*directly opposite the point of frog; and in the other ex-treme, six or eight feet of the center of the guard railis straight, and the ends are gently curved so that thewheel flanges are gradually crowded toward the mainrail and allow a minimum amount of side motion for adistance equal to the straight part of the guard rail. 116 RAILROAD TRACK AND CONSTRUCTION. Arguments are advanced in favor of both extremes, butthe general usage is between the two. In the guardrail shown in Fig. 78 the straight part is three feet long,and the guard rail is so placed that two feet of the straightpart is ahead of the point directly opposite the point offrog and one foot of the straight part is behind it, thusmaking eight feet of guard rail ahead and seven feet be-hind the point of frog, the total length of the guard railbeing fifteen feet. There is a clear flange-way, or dis-tance between gau
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