Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850-1891) was a Russian mathematician, the first woman in Europe to earn a doctorate degree in mathematics. In 1888 she won the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of Science for her groundbreaking paper On the Rotation of a Solid Body about a Fixed Point. In 1889 she was appointed Professor Ordinarius at Stockholm University, another groundbreaking position for a woman. Engraving from The Illustrated London News, 1884.

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