China: The Buddhist monk Xuanzang travelling with a tiger on the Silk Road. Mural, Cave 17, Mogao Caves, Dunhuang, Gansu, 11th century. Xuanzang (c. 602-664) was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang period. Born in Henan province of China in 602 or 603, from boyhood he took to reading sacred books, including the Chinese Classics and the writings of the ancient sages. While residing in the city of Luoyang, Xuanzang entered Buddhist monkhood at the age of thirteen.

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