. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Figure 1—CURCULIO, ADULT AND EARLY STAGES; PLUMS SHOWING CHARACTERISTIC MARKINGS, WITH GUM EXUDATION. (After Lugger) above. A number of over-wintering beetles were caught by the writer April 20 and confined in cages with food. One pair remained living up to August 1, a period of 103 days from capture, bring- ing about an overlapping of spring and fall beetles. A single female beetle under observation by the writer deposited 155 eggs extending over a period of 101 days. Neither of these records are especially exceptional. The last of August in south Missouri and t
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Figure 1—CURCULIO, ADULT AND EARLY STAGES; PLUMS SHOWING CHARACTERISTIC MARKINGS, WITH GUM EXUDATION. (After Lugger) above. A number of over-wintering beetles were caught by the writer April 20 and confined in cages with food. One pair remained living up to August 1, a period of 103 days from capture, bring- ing about an overlapping of spring and fall beetles. A single female beetle under observation by the writer deposited 155 eggs extending over a period of 101 days. Neither of these records are especially exceptional. The last of August in south Missouri and the last of September in the northern part of the state will find practically all of the beetles dead and the new ones in hibernation. The last beetle jarred from apple at Olden in 1908 was on August 14, when a single specimen was found. This was nearly two months before the late apples were Figure 3—APPLES GNARLED FROM EFFECTS CURCULIO PUNCTURES (After Washburn, Bulletin 112, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station) The injury to the surface of apples from this insect may result from the feeding punctures made by either sex or by the crescent punctures of the female. These blemishes in the skin damage the appearance of the fruit and reduce their quality and market value. The feeding punctures greatly outnumber the egg crescents. A certain percentage of the miniature apples are made to drop very early from the effect of these "stings," especially those in which the eggs hatch. The plum curculio does not multiply readily in apples, and only a small per- centage of the eggs deposited ever hatch. No larva develops to maturity in an apple which remains upon the tree. The larva boring its tortuous channel through the tissue brings the apple prematurely to the ground. If the egg hatches and the larva perishes after boring a short distance into the apple the fruit may remain upon the tree, but becomes badly gnarled and misshapen. In these cases the crescents an
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