. The structure and classification of birds . arises bya very thin flat tendon from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs,and from the interspacesbetween them. It is insertedto the costal edge of thesternum half an inch from theposterior end. CEME-^o-cAuoi; Caudal Muscles The caudal muscles (inFalamedea) are illustrated inthe accompanying figure. Levator Coccygis.—Thisarises on each side from ilium,from lateral faces of spinousprocesses, and from trans-verse processes of caudalvertebrae. It is inserted onto membrane covering rec-trices. Ilio-coccygeus.—On eachside there are two parts ofthis muscle
. The structure and classification of birds . arises bya very thin flat tendon from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs,and from the interspacesbetween them. It is insertedto the costal edge of thesternum half an inch from theposterior end. CEME-^o-cAuoi; Caudal Muscles The caudal muscles (inFalamedea) are illustrated inthe accompanying figure. Levator Coccygis.—Thisarises on each side from ilium,from lateral faces of spinousprocesses, and from trans-verse processes of caudalvertebrae. It is inserted onto membrane covering rec-trices. Ilio-coccygeus.—On eachside there are two parts ofthis muscle, bobh entirelyfleshy. They arise from theilium and the ilio-sacral liga-ment, and are inserted on to outer rectrix. Fuho-coccygeus Externus.—This is the most posterior ofthe muscles of the tail. It arises from the pubis and isinserted on to external rectrix. Puho-coccygeus Internus.—Arises in front of and belowthe last-mentioned. The origin extends also on to theischium. The muscle is inserted on to last one or two PUBO-COC&!INTER^I , PUBO- Fig. 60.—Caudal Muscles of Fala-medea (after Beddabd and Mitchell). 108 STKUOTUEE AKD CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS Depressor Coccygis.—This springs from the transverseprocess of the last sacral vertebra, and from the adjacentsurface of the ilio-sacral ligament. It is inserted on to thetransverse processes of the last three or four caudal vertebrae. Abdominal Muscles Obliquus Abdominis Externus.—The muscle arises fromthe ribs and from their uncinate processes. It ends by anaponeurosis upon the pubis. Obliquus Abdominis Internus.—Lies between the lastmuscle and the next. It passes from the pubis, extendingon to ilium to the last true rib. A separate slip of this isdescribed as the quadratus lumborum, running from the lastfalse rib to the crest of the ilium. Transversus Abdominis.—This is the deepest of the ab-dominal muscles. It springs from the pubis and preace-tabular ilium, and its aponeurosis ends in that of
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1898
