. Dental materia medica and therapeutics; with special reference to the rational application of remedial measures to dental diseases ... ction. This latter method is especially indicated in inject-ing the upper molars. After removing the needle, place the fingertip over the puncture and slightly massage the injected area. Acircular elevation outlines the injected field. The naturally pinkcolor of the gum will shortly change to a white anemic hue, in-dicating the physiologic action of the adrenalin on the circula- 478 LOCAL ANESTHESIA. tion. No wheal should be raised by the fluid, as that would
. Dental materia medica and therapeutics; with special reference to the rational application of remedial measures to dental diseases ... ction. This latter method is especially indicated in inject-ing the upper molars. After removing the needle, place the fingertip over the puncture and slightly massage the injected area. Acircular elevation outlines the injected field. The naturally pinkcolor of the gum will shortly change to a white anemic hue, in-dicating the physiologic action of the adrenalin on the circula- 478 LOCAL ANESTHESIA. tion. No wheal should be raised by the fluid, as that would in-dicate superficial infiltration and consequently failure of theanesthetic. As the liquid requires a definite length of time to pass throughthe bone lamina and to reach the nerves of the peridental mem-brane and the pulp, from five to ten minutes should be allowedbefore the extraction is started. The length of time depends onthe density of the surrounding structure of the tooth. The prog-ress of the anesthesia may be tested with a fine-pointed probe,and its completeness indicates the time when the extractionshould be Figure of Needle for Injecting About a Lower Incisor. The upper eight anterior teeth usually require a labial injec-tion only, while the molars require both a buccal and a palatineinjection, using a slightly curved needle for this purpose. Buc-cally the injection is made midway between the mesial and dis-tal root, and on the palatine side over the palatine root. The lower eight anterior teeth are comparatively easily reachedby the injection. The straight needle is inserted near the apexof the tooth, the syringe is held in a more horizontal position, andthe injection proceeds now as outlined above. The lower molars require a buccal and lingual injection. Thecurved needle is inserted midway between the roots, the gum mar- TECHNIQUE OF THE INJECTION. 479 gin, and the apices. The external and internal oblique lines ma-terially hinder the ready
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