. Field and woodland plants. coarsely-serrateedges. This plant flowersduring June, July, andAugust. The Bedstraw Family(order Rubiacece) is repre-sented on the chalk by theRough-fruited Corn Bed-straw {Oalium tricorne),which is common in is a spreading plant, withprocumbent stems, one tothree feet long ; and small,long, narrow leaves, rough with recurved prickles, arranged inwhorls of from six to eight. The flowers are small and white,grouped in little cymes of three. The fruit is comparatively large,and granulated, but not bristly, and it droops by the bending ofthe pedicel. The pla
. Field and woodland plants. coarsely-serrateedges. This plant flowersduring June, July, andAugust. The Bedstraw Family(order Rubiacece) is repre-sented on the chalk by theRough-fruited Corn Bed-straw {Oalium tricorne),which is common in is a spreading plant, withprocumbent stems, one tothree feet long ; and small,long, narrow leaves, rough with recurved prickles, arranged inwhorls of from six to eight. The flowers are small and white,grouped in little cymes of three. The fruit is comparatively large,and granulated, but not bristly, and it droops by the bending ofthe pedicel. The plant flowers from June to October. The Red Spur Valerian {Centranthus ruber—order Vahrianacea)is a glaucous, leafy plant (see Plate VIII), sometimes growing to aheight of two feet or more, often to be seen in chalk-pits and lime-stone quarries, and frequently on old walls. It is not indigenous,but is cultivated largely as a garden flo\\er, and has now becomenaturalised. Its corolla, which is sometimes white, has five unequal. THE FIELD Gentian. ON THE CHALK 303 lobes, a long, flattened tube, and a slender spur. The plant flowersfrom June to September. Of the Composite flowers we shall note two species, the firstbeing the Woolly-headed Plume-thistle {Cardials eriophorus),conmion in chalkyfields, where itthrows up its large,cottony heads toa height of fromthree to five feetdiuing July andAugust. In orderto distinguish itfrom other similarthistles we mustnote that its stemis not wnged, andthat the deeply-divided leaves,with bifid lobes,half clasp the stemat the base; alsothat the involucrebracts are lanceo-late, with long,reflexed heads of thisthistle are of apale pm-ple colour,of a globular form,two to three inchesin diameter, andcovered with athick, cottonygrowth. Our other example of the Composite flowers is the PloughmansSpikenard {Inula Conyza), which is common on chalky banks andpastures, flowering from July to September. It is an erect, downyplant, from two to fi
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