The commoner diseases of the eye : how to detect and how to treat them . Adams Operation for Ectropion of Lower Lid. Ptosis.—Drooping of the upper lid. Itmay be congenital or acquired. Congenitalptosis is usually bilateral and is then due toeither defective development or absence of thelevator palpebral superioris. With this anomalythere are often other congenital defects. It issi mietimes hereditary. Acquired ptosis, on the other hand, usuallyaffects one side only. The commonest cause ofthis variety is paralysis of the third nerve, whichsupplies the levator palpebrae. One or moreof the ocular


The commoner diseases of the eye : how to detect and how to treat them . Adams Operation for Ectropion of Lower Lid. Ptosis.—Drooping of the upper lid. Itmay be congenital or acquired. Congenitalptosis is usually bilateral and is then due toeither defective development or absence of thelevator palpebral superioris. With this anomalythere are often other congenital defects. It issi mietimes hereditary. Acquired ptosis, on the other hand, usuallyaffects one side only. The commonest cause ofthis variety is paralysis of the third nerve, whichsupplies the levator palpebrae. One or moreof the ocular muscles supplied by the samenerve are generally paralyzed at the same time. COMMONER DISEASES OF THE EYELIDS 129 First in order of causation come thickeningand increased weight of the lid from disease(chronic conjunctival inflammation, trachoma,etc.) and, finally, wounds and adhesions of thelid to the globe (symblcpharon). Any of theseforms of ptosis may be slight; they may becomplete, in which case the lid covers the pupil


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