. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. 124 ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. birds, all which goes to prove that sound is a concomitant of rapidly vibrating wings. The Wing area Variable and in Excess.—The travelling- surfaces of insects, bats, and birds greatly exceed those of fishes and swimming animals; the travelling-surfaces of swim- ming animals being greatly in excess of those of animals which walk and run. The wing area of insects, bats, and birds varies very considerably, flight being possible within a com-. FiG. 57.
. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. 124 ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. birds, all which goes to prove that sound is a concomitant of rapidly vibrating wings. The Wing area Variable and in Excess.—The travelling- surfaces of insects, bats, and birds greatly exceed those of fishes and swimming animals; the travelling-surfaces of swim- ming animals being greatly in excess of those of animals which walk and run. The wing area of insects, bats, and birds varies very considerably, flight being possible within a com-. FiG. 57.—Shows a butterfly with comparatively very large wings. The nervnres are seen to great advantage in this si^eeimen : and the enormous expanse of the pinions readily explains the irregular flight of the insect on the principle of recoil, a Anterior wing, h Posterior wing, e Anterior margin of wing. /Ditto posterior margin, g Ditto outer margin. Compare with beetle, fig. 58.—Original. paratively wide range. Thus there are light-bodied and large- winged insects and birds—as the butterfly (fig. 57) and heron (fig. 60, p. 126) ; and others whose bodies are comparatively heavy, while their wings are insignificantly small—as the sphinx moth and Goliath beetle (fig. 58) among insects, and the grebe, quail, and partridge (fig. 59, p. 126) among birds. The apparent inconsistencies in the dimensions of the body and wings are readily explained by the greater muscular develop- ment of the heavy-bodied short-winged insects and birds, and the increased power and rapidity with which the wings in them are made to oscillate. In large-winged animals the movements. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Pettigrew, James Bell, 1834-1908. New York, D. Appleton & company
Size: 1792px × 1394px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectaeronau, bookyear1874
