. An analysis of Pennsylvania's forest resources. Forests and forestry Pennsylvania; Forest management Pennsylvania. branch stub, ora stump. Fire is close- ly related to disease in that it dam- ages many hardwoods by burning away enough of the bark to create en- trances for disease. Decay is com- mon in trees that originated from sprouting high on a stump. Several management activities can reduce the impact of disease. Maintaining a healthy, vigorous, and fast-growing stand will be beneficial. The faster a tree grows, the sooner open wounds will heal and the short- er time such wounds will be
. An analysis of Pennsylvania's forest resources. Forests and forestry Pennsylvania; Forest management Pennsylvania. branch stub, ora stump. Fire is close- ly related to disease in that it dam- ages many hardwoods by burning away enough of the bark to create en- trances for disease. Decay is com- mon in trees that originated from sprouting high on a stump. Several management activities can reduce the impact of disease. Maintaining a healthy, vigorous, and fast-growing stand will be beneficial. The faster a tree grows, the sooner open wounds will heal and the short- er time such wounds will be suscepti- ble to attack. Improvement cuts to eliminate diseased trees and thin- nings to stimulate growth will help. Eliminating decayed trees and shift- ing the growth potential to sound trees will result in a higher usable yield of wood volume at the time of fi- nal harvest. In selecting a potential crop tree from a group of sprouts, choose the stem that has a low origin (at or below ground level) and is as- serting dominance. When cutting trees, keep stumps as low as possi- ble to minimize high-stump sprout- ing. Insect pests also create prob- lems in certain areas. In the 1960's, mortality increased in many, oak stands in central Pennsylvania after attacks by an oak leaftier, and oak leaf rollers, followed by the two-lined chestnut borer. But current concern centers on the gypsy moth. During the 1970's, gypsy moth populations increased, collapsed, and increased again. Infestation is spreading west through the state, but areas being hit hardest are in central and eastern Pennsylvania. The gypsy moth has been present in 5 million acres of forest land affecting 38 counties. As of 1980 the infested area covered about 36 percent of the total susceptible forest area of mixed oak stands (Nichols 1980). Over a 5-year period (1972 to 1976), the average mortality in gypsy moth infested stands in Pike and Monroe Counties was 13 percent (Gansner and Herrick 1979). Jim Nichols, Division
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