. Farrow's manual of military training . r firing overthe parapet by constructing banquettes between the all firing trenches, however, a few loopholes are desirable forthe use of snipers, and there may be one or two between each twotraverses. All night firing should be over the parapet. FIELD FORTIFICATION, GENERAL CONSTRUCTION 653 Overhead Cover.—The garrison of a trench must have shel-ter against bombardment by high explosive shells and against theweather. This is secured by shelters, which are classified assplinter proofs or bombproofs, according as they are designed toafford p
. Farrow's manual of military training . r firing overthe parapet by constructing banquettes between the all firing trenches, however, a few loopholes are desirable forthe use of snipers, and there may be one or two between each twotraverses. All night firing should be over the parapet. FIELD FORTIFICATION, GENERAL CONSTRUCTION 653 Overhead Cover.—The garrison of a trench must have shel-ter against bombardment by high explosive shells and against theweather. This is secured by shelters, which are classified assplinter proofs or bombproofs, according as they are designed toafford protection against splinters of shells bursting over or nearthem or against shells hitting them direct and bursting on impact. (a) For the garrison of the firing trench small shelters maybe constructed under the parapet, but the greater part of thegarrison should be protected during a bombardment by sheltersconstructed along the cover trenches. Shelters under the parapetof the firing trench must: (1) Not interrupt the line of fire. (2). TRENCH FOR FIRE THROUGH AND OVER PARAPET, Be capable of construction after the trench is finished. (3) Permitthe parapet to be manned quickly. (b) In the cover trenches there must be a number of sheltersso that the garrison which must be kept there in the heaviest bom-bardment will be completely sheltered. To limit the effect ofhits there should be a number of small shelters rather than a fewlarge ones. The maximum capacity should be 25 men. Cave shel-ters must be used if the soil and natural features are favorable fortheir construction and arrangements can be made to get out ofthem quickly. (c) In the support and reserve trenches and in rear cave 654 MILITARY TRAINING shelters and shelters utilizing natural cover, such as quarries andcellars of buildings, may be used. The shelters may also belarger. (d) General Principles.—(1) A shelter is valuable only whenit offers complete protection and permits the men to get out ofit in time. For comple
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