Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (1508-1582) Spanish general and statesman. As lieutenant-general in the Netherlands 1567-1573, enforced brutal anti-Protestant rule. He is wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece. Engraving

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Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (1508-1582) Spanish general and statesman. As lieutenant-general in the Netherlands 1567-1573, enforced brutal anti-Protestant rule. He is wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece. Engraving

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Photo credit: © World History Archive / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

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