China: Emperor Xiaozong (27 November 1127 - 28 June 1194), 11th ruler of the Song Dynasty and 2nd ruler of the Southern Song (r. 1162-1189). Hanging scroll painting, c. 1162-1189. Emperor Xiaozong, personal name Zhao Shen and courtesy name Yuanyong, was the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He ascended when his adoptive father, Emperor Gaozong, abdicated, though he remained de facto ruler with his status as 'Taishang Huang' ('Retired Emperor'). Xiaozong did not fully take over till Emperor Gaozong's death in 1187. He abdicated himself in 1189 and also became 'Taishang Huang'.
Emperor Xiaozong (November 27, 1127 – June 28, 1194) was the eleventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the second emperor of the Southern Song. His personal name was Zhao Shen. He reigned from 1162 to 1189. The Song Dynasty (960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960) and preceded the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), which conquered the Song in 1279. Its conventional division into the Northern Song (960–1127) and Southern Song (1127–1279) periods marks the conquest of northern China by the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234) in 1127. It also distinguishes the subsequent shift of the Song's capital city from Bianjing (modern Kaifeng) in the north to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou) in the south.
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