. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 670 GRAPE GRAPE. 960. Pruning to a spur. the cions be perfectly dormant. These cions are taken and stored in the same way as cuttings. The grafting should he done very early in the spring, before the sap starts. Grafting may also be done late in the spring, after all dan- ger of bleeding is over ; but, in that
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 670 GRAPE GRAPE. 960. Pruning to a spur. the cions be perfectly dormant. These cions are taken and stored in the same way as cuttings. The grafting should he done very early in the spring, before the sap starts. Grafting may also be done late in the spring, after all dan- ger of bleeding is over ; but, in that case, it is more diiScult tO' keep the cions dormant, and the growth is not likely to be so great during the first season. Vine- yards which are composed of un- profitable varieties may be changed to new varieties very readily by this means. Vinifera varieties can also be grafted on our common phylloxera-resistant stocks by the same method. Al- most any method of grafting can be employed upon the Grape vine if the work is done beneath the surface. Viseases.—The Grape is amen- able to many insect and fungous attacks. The most serious diffioilty is the phylloxera, which, however, is practically unknown as an injurious pest on the native Grapes. On the vinifera varieties it is ex- ceedingly serious, and it is working great dev- astation in many of the vineyards of the Old World and of the Pacific coast. The most practi- cable means of dealing with this pest is to graft the vinifera vines on native or resistant roots. The mildew and black rot are the most serious of the fungous enemies. The mildew (Perono- spora viticola) is the more common form of rot in the North. In the South the black rot (Liesta- dia BidivellU) is very serious. Both these dis- eases cause the berries to decay. They also at- tack the leaves, particularly the mildew, caus- ing the leaves to fall and preventing the Grapes from maturing. It is the mildew which has worked such havoc in European vineyards. The mil
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