. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ANAEROBIC ENERGY METABOLISM OF HALIOT1S 123 cumulation of the end products succinate, alanine and (in some cases) propionate and acetate. The rate of en- ergy production is low, but the yield of ATP increased (reviewed by de Zwaan, 1977; Schottler, 1980; Living- stone, 1982; Gade, 1983a; Storey, 1985). During exces- sive locomotory activity, the capacities of muscle tissue to synthesize ATP rapidly by aerobic means are limited and energy provisions are met during functional anoxia via anaerobic glycolysis resulting in the ac
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ANAEROBIC ENERGY METABOLISM OF HALIOT1S 123 cumulation of the end products succinate, alanine and (in some cases) propionate and acetate. The rate of en- ergy production is low, but the yield of ATP increased (reviewed by de Zwaan, 1977; Schottler, 1980; Living- stone, 1982; Gade, 1983a; Storey, 1985). During exces- sive locomotory activity, the capacities of muscle tissue to synthesize ATP rapidly by aerobic means are limited and energy provisions are met during functional anoxia via anaerobic glycolysis resulting in the accumulation of lactate or the opines. The rate of energy production is high, but the efficiency is low (references as above and Gade, 1980; de Zwaan and van den Thillart, 1985; Gade and Meinardus, 1986; Gade and Grieshaber, 1986; Gade, 1987a). The present study concerns the anaerobic energy me- tabolism of muscle tissue in the ormer Haliotis lamel- losa. The strategies used to provide energy during envi- ronmental and functional anoxia are of paramount im- portance for the survival of this species. The ormer is epifaunal in the littoral zone, attached by its foot to wave-swept rocks. The broad shell acts as a protective shield. It is pulled down tightly by the large shell adduc- tor muscle (the right retractor or columella muscle) dur- ing low tide or vigorous wave action. When dislodged, ormers are extremely vulnerable to predators, especially since they often lie upside down. Therefore, these gastro- pods typically right themselves as fast as possible. This, again, is achieved mainly by relatively active movements of the large shell adductor muscle and with less input of the foot (unpub. obs.). Previous studies revealed interesting patterns ofdehy- drogenase distribution in muscle tissue of the ormer (Gade, 1986). Most tauropine dehydrogenase activity is found in the shell adductor muscle, which contains only minute levels of D-lactate dehydrogenase activity. In the foot muscl
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
