. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. klebur (Xanthium), rag weed (Ambrosia arlemisicefoUa),vervain {Verbena Jiastata, V. urticifolla), horse nettle {Solanum carolinense)and others. Of late and in consequence of increased communicationwith the prairies and the country beyond the Mississippi River, the west-^ern plants are moving eastward by rapid strides. Such are fetid mari- 244 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY gold {Dyssodia papposa), pineapple weed (Matricaria suaveolens) andwormwood (Artemisia biennis). Ninety
. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. klebur (Xanthium), rag weed (Ambrosia arlemisicefoUa),vervain {Verbena Jiastata, V. urticifolla), horse nettle {Solanum carolinense)and others. Of late and in consequence of increased communicationwith the prairies and the country beyond the Mississippi River, the west-^ern plants are moving eastward by rapid strides. Such are fetid mari- 244 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY gold {Dyssodia papposa), pineapple weed (Matricaria suaveolens) andwormwood (Artemisia biennis). Ninety years ago the black-eyed susan(Rudbeckia hirta) flourished from the Alleghany mountains westward,but was unknown in the east. Now since about i860, it has become anabundant and conspicuous weed in grass fields throughout the easternstates, as far as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, having been accidentally intro-duced in red clover seeds from the western states. The velvet leaf (Abu-iilon llieophrasti) and princes feather (Polygonum orientate) have beenintroduced from India. The bur clover came to California from South. Fig. -Russian thistle {.^(lisn kuU var. icnuijolia) asa tunibleweed at Akron, Colorado.(G. E. Nichols, 1913.) America. The orange hawk weed (Hieracium aurantiactim) was grownfron! imported European seed by the aunt of the botanist, Cyrus G Pringle,in Charlotte, Vermont about 1845. The plant was much admired and sentto friends in Maine, Massachusetts and Vermont, according to Prof. Burns. It was cultivated in some gardens of Maine under the nameof tassel-flower, or Venuss paint-brush. It propagates very freely byrunners, as well, as by feathery fruits. It is now spread over large areasof Maine and other New England states, in northern Pennsylvania, asat Eaglesmere, where a field of it was noted by the writer in full bloomon June 22, 1905. WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL 245 Means of Distribution.—When once introduced, weeds migrate ina number of ways by natural an
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