. The principles of surgery . rin or the gelatine of bone. And, besides allthis, comparative arrest of growth takes place; especially in the lowerlimbs. Sometimes the entire bone is expanded, even to a great extent; thecalvarium for example, being in some cases found of more than doubleits usual thickness, and seeming to consist almost entirely of atrophy is the prominent change. In all cases, whetheratrophy or expansion exist, the bone will be found much lighter than inthe normal state. The flat bones are, perhaps, more frequently thick-ened than otherwise ; the long bones, u
. The principles of surgery . rin or the gelatine of bone. And, besides allthis, comparative arrest of growth takes place; especially in the lowerlimbs. Sometimes the entire bone is expanded, even to a great extent; thecalvarium for example, being in some cases found of more than doubleits usual thickness, and seeming to consist almost entirely of atrophy is the prominent change. In all cases, whetheratrophy or expansion exist, the bone will be found much lighter than inthe normal state. The flat bones are, perhaps, more frequently thick-ened than otherwise ; the long bones, usually, are atrophied in the shaft,while they show hypertrophy of the articulating extremities. Such en-largement, however, is often more apparent than real; depending mainlyon wasting of the shaft and its soft coverings. According to Mr. Stan-ley, actual expansion occurs only in those joints which are superficial;as the wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle. In all cases, epiphyses are moreloosely connected than in health. Fig. Although the whole skeleton may have thus degenerated, it is obviousthat those bones will evince the vitiated condition most, which are most Fig. 143. Example of limbs deformed by Rickets.—Liston. 444 RICKETS. exposed to muscular action, and to the sustaining of superincumbentweight. Consequently, we find the spine, pelvis, and lower limbs, mostprominently distorted. The former maybe bent forward, or to the side ;usually the curvature is lateral, with more or less rotation of the bodiesof the vertebrae. These become interstitially absorbed, at the concavityof the curve—on the front or side, as the direction may happen to be ;while, on the convexity, the articular processes become both thickened andenlarged. Antero-posterior bending has occurred to such an extent asto cause doubling of the aorta, adhesion of the opposed coats at thefolded part, and consequent mal-nutrition of the lower limbs. Thethighs and legs may have their natural curves merely exag
Size: 1443px × 1732px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, booksub, booksubjectsurgicalproceduresoperative
