. A treatise on pharmacy .. . nswer anexcellent purpose. With one or more retorts, and an ap-paratus of this kind, most of the processes requiring dis-tillation can be satisfactorily accomplished. The expenseof a condenser such as here described is from $3 50 to $ bottom of the wooden stand should be grooved onthe under side and filled in with melted lead, to preventthe ill effects of warping, and to give solidity to the whole. Fig. 187 represents a con-denser supported on a retortstand, having freedom of motionin every direction; x is a cast-iron foot, in which is fixed asolid rod of iro
. A treatise on pharmacy .. . nswer anexcellent purpose. With one or more retorts, and an ap-paratus of this kind, most of the processes requiring dis-tillation can be satisfactorily accomplished. The expenseof a condenser such as here described is from $3 50 to $ bottom of the wooden stand should be grooved onthe under side and filled in with melted lead, to preventthe ill effects of warping, and to give solidity to the whole. Fig. 187 represents a con-denser supported on a retortstand, having freedom of motionin every direction; x is a cast-iron foot, in which is fixed asolid rod of iron z. The condenser, as here represented, isdesigned to be made of brass, with a glass tube fitted into itwith corks, as in the other case; the comparative size of theouter tube, as here shown, is much smaller, which requires Corla much more rapid passage of the cold water through it, espe-cially in distilling very volatile liquids. The Gay Lussac holder a,and the rings, are usually made of brass in this arrangement. Fig. Liebigs brass condenser in retort stand. 320 CHEMICAL PROCESSES. A mechanical support for the retort and for the refrigerating appa-ratus is, of course, absolutely necessary in the arrangement of adistillatory apparatus; at least one retort stand is quite necessary, evenin connection with the Liebigs condenser, Fig. 187; in which caseone of the rings might have a sufficiently long handle, connecting itwith the screw that clasps the upright rod, to hold a retort or a flaskat a sufficient distance from the condenser, to be adjusted to it for use;but this is not the case with any that I have seen, and would renderthe whole apparatus unsteady when loaded with the liquid. In , it will be seen that as many as three retort stands are used in asmall operation. Fig. 188 will give an idea of the arrangement of the retort andvessel for supplying the condenser with water, and that for catching Fig. 188.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectpharmacy, bookyear186
