. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography FIG. 6. âA portion of the seismic profiling record made in the Gulf of Maine during the 1962 field season. PREVIOUS WORK Hydrography The United States Coast Survey began hydro- graphic work in the Gulf of Maine in 1854. The shvpsBibb, Vixen, Corndn, Bache, and Stofee sur- veyed the gulf until 1875. D. W. Johnson's exhaus- tive work 3 on the gulf was based largely on thgse old soundings. During 1930, 1931, and 1932, the Coast and Geodetic Survey conducted hydrographic investigations over Georges Bank. From these d
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography FIG. 6. âA portion of the seismic profiling record made in the Gulf of Maine during the 1962 field season. PREVIOUS WORK Hydrography The United States Coast Survey began hydro- graphic work in the Gulf of Maine in 1854. The shvpsBibb, Vixen, Corndn, Bache, and Stofee sur- veyed the gulf until 1875. D. W. Johnson's exhaus- tive work 3 on the gulf was based largely on thgse old soundings. During 1930, 1931, and 1932, the Coast and Geodetic Survey conducted hydrographic investigations over Georges Bank. From these data, Shepard'' concluded that the Gulf of Maine was deepened by glacial erosion and that the outer banks were formed by glacial deposition. In 1939 the Coast and Geodetic ship Oceanog- rapher was equipped with a Hughes-Veslekari ^Johnson, D. W., The New England-Acadian shoreline. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 608 pp. 1925. "â¢Shepard, F. P., Origin of Georges Bank. Geolo^cal So- ciety of America Bulletin, V. 45, no. 2, p. 281. 1934. echo sounder and graphic recording instrument, This depth recorder was used in an effort to clear up the troublesome double echoes common in the gulf. The Veslekari fathogram showed graphically that the double echoes were caused by a layer of easily penetrated sediments overlying the bed- rock. Figure 1 shows the survey area of 1940. Murrays published 231 cross sections taken di- rectly from the Veslekari fathograms. The bot- tom configuration displayed by the cross sections was later interpreted by Chadwick^ as caused by glaciation. Geology N. S. Shaler7 proposed that Georges Bank and Browns Bank were terminal moraines, as did ^Murray, H. W., Topography of the Gulf of Maine. Geolog- ical Society of America Bull etin, v. 58, p. 153. 1947. ^Chadwick, G. H., Glacial molding of the Gulf of Maine. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1967 (Abstract). 1949. â 'Shaler, N. S., The geological history of harbors. Ge
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