. American foundry practice . the hot, clean iron then ran intothe mould through the top runner. Should this iron haverun into the mould before the iron from the lower runnerreached this point, the top iron would have run against theface of the mould, and probably have cut or scabbed themould ; whereas the top iron, not being let in until thebottom was run up, prevented the toj) runner from forcingthe metal against the face of the core, and, as it was ironrunning into iron, the danger of cutting the mould was veryslight.* The cut R shows a plan of the pouring basin, the distri-bution of the lo
. American foundry practice . the hot, clean iron then ran intothe mould through the top runner. Should this iron haverun into the mould before the iron from the lower runnerreached this point, the top iron would have run against theface of the mould, and probably have cut or scabbed themould ; whereas the top iron, not being let in until thebottom was run up, prevented the toj) runner from forcingthe metal against the face of the core, and, as it was ironrunning into iron, the danger of cutting the mould was veryslight.* The cut R shows a plan of the pouring basin, the distri-bution of the lower and upper pouring gates, and also theriser. The runners and gates were all made in cores, andset one on top of the other as the mould was rammed lower gate and runner were made larger than the upperones, on account of more iron having to be run in and beforced up to the top. * The two runners were fed from one basin, because there was onlyone crane which could reach the mould. SWEEPIKG AK OCTAGOKAL LOAM MOITLD. 163. AN OCTAGONAL LOAM MOULD, 164 LOAM MOULDING. When a casting is poured from the bottom it requires alarger runner than if poured from the top, as the more amould fills up the slower the iron goes in. The iron mayrise very fast on the start, and, before a high mould is filledto the top, go in so slowly as to cause the casting to be coldshut. When moulding this ingot casting, an octagonal frame,X, X, the same size and form as the bottom of the casting,was used as a guide in building the foundation and bevel-ing joint for the outside to be guided off and on by, andwhen the bricks were laid high enough to admit of placinga runner under the mould, as shown at J/, M, a sweep wasfastened on the spindle, and a level bed of loam was sweptup, and the frame X, X, laid on it and centered. After thisthe outside lifting ring S was put on, bricks built Vi^ levelwith the frame X, X, and the wooden plate B bolted on thesjDindle, about 8 above the height the mould was to bem
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