. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . The dimensions of the standard frogs, switches andturnouts are given at the end of Chapter XXIII. Theformulas used for the turnouts are as follows: ^, , , ^, -r^ G — B sin X — F sin YChord length U= ,;„ y^ (x + Y) _, ^. _ G — B sin X — F sin Y ., ^, Radius R= = — —%G cos Y cos -X- Lead S= (R + 1/9G) (sin X —sin Y) + B cos X + F + 0 in which X = Frog angle;Y = Angle of point rail;B = Length of wing rail;F = Length of switch rail; 284 THE TRACKMANS HELPER 0 = Distance between actual and theoretical frog point
. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . The dimensions of the standard frogs, switches andturnouts are given at the end of Chapter XXIII. Theformulas used for the turnouts are as follows: ^, , , ^, -r^ G — B sin X — F sin YChord length U= ,;„ y^ (x + Y) _, ^. _ G — B sin X — F sin Y ., ^, Radius R= = — —%G cos Y cos -X- Lead S= (R + 1/9G) (sin X —sin Y) + B cos X + F + 0 in which X = Frog angle;Y = Angle of point rail;B = Length of wing rail;F = Length of switch rail; 284 THE TRACKMANS HELPER 0 = Distance between actual and theoretical frog point, taken as 2 in.;G = Gage of track;R = Radius of turnout. The dimension of 0 was taken as 2 in. and the heeldistance of switch points as 4i/4 in. The spacing of the ties depends on the size of thetie and the style of the turnouts. If the regular setof switch ties is used as in standard-gage trackwork,5 X 6-in. ties spaced 18 in. c. to c. will give good re-sults for track laid with rails weighing up to 40 yd. If the turnout is laid with ties of even length. Fig. 61 staggered in, as shown in Fig. 61, a spacing of 16 to 18in. centers for each branch has proved style of construction is specially well adapted tounderground turnouts, where headroom is limited andflat ties 3 by 5 in. or 3 by 6 in. are used. ^ ^ . ,Too often the trackwork for mines and industrialworks is poorly executed, due to lack of experienceof the tracklayers and construction foremen. The es-sential requirements do not differ from those ot thestandard gage, and true alignment and surface maybe obtained by intelligent supervision. raw^^^^m FROGS AND SWITCHES 285 Crossing of narrow and standard gage track. Mr. T. C. Herbert of the P. C. C. & St. Louis Ry., in con-nection with the second track and grade reductionwork on that road between Alton, Ohio, and GladeRun, as described in the Ry. Age Gaz., gives the fol-lowing very interesting arrangement (Fig. 62) : This crossing was
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