. Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant preceptor of Germany, 1497-1560 . eidelberg — Scholasticism — Melanchthon Matricu-lates at Heidelberg—His Studies—His Companions—The NewLearning—Becomes Bachelor of Arts. AT the beginning of the sixteenth century theGerman universities were by no means whatthey are now, the seats of the highest culture andof the most advanced methods of instruction. Inthe grade of their scholarship and in the characterof the work done by them, they were about equalin the department of arts to the middle and upperclasses in the German gymnasia of the present then w
. Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant preceptor of Germany, 1497-1560 . eidelberg — Scholasticism — Melanchthon Matricu-lates at Heidelberg—His Studies—His Companions—The NewLearning—Becomes Bachelor of Arts. AT the beginning of the sixteenth century theGerman universities were by no means whatthey are now, the seats of the highest culture andof the most advanced methods of instruction. Inthe grade of their scholarship and in the characterof the work done by them, they were about equalin the department of arts to the middle and upperclasses in the German gymnasia of the present then went to the university to learn what theyare now required to carry thither with them. Allthe instruction was given in the Latin language;but it was chiefly, if not exclusively, the corruptmonks Latin of the Middle Ages. The Latin classics were but little read. Greekand Hebrew were almost entirely ignored, and insome places violently opposed. The philosophytaught was that of Aristotle, exhibited for the mostpart by means of defective and barbarous Latin 12. 9 EHI •>!^ < < u 2 I5I2] Student at Heidelberg 13 translations; and theology had not yet been emanci-pated from the scholastic method. The old contestsbetween Realism and Nominalism were still raging,and when these contests could not be settled in thelecture-room, they were fought out by the studentson the streets with their fists and canes. Then littleattention was given to composition and was studied, not so much as an instrument forfinding out truth, as for use in subtle and hair-splitting disputations. The manners of the studentswere coarse, and their morals corrupt. So muchmay be said of the universities in general. OfHeidelberg in particular, though it was the oldestuniversity in Germany west of Vienna and Prague,having been founded in 1386, it must be said thatin learning and culture its relative rank was nothigh. The Elector Philip, who had been quickenedby the rising spirit of hum
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