The hydrometallurgy of copper . re being raised to the highestpoint of which the furnace is capable. By this time the sand will beglazed; the doors are then opened and the furnace allowed to cool for2 hours. From 1000 to 2000 lb. of scrap copper are then added, whichmelts and mixes with the sand at a very high temperature, and thefurnace is then allowed to cool. Whatever copper does not sink intothe hearth is ladled out as quickly as possible, and the operation repeatedtwo or three times, if necessary, until the bed is from 10 to 15 in. the last addition of copper is melted, the hea
The hydrometallurgy of copper . re being raised to the highestpoint of which the furnace is capable. By this time the sand will beglazed; the doors are then opened and the furnace allowed to cool for2 hours. From 1000 to 2000 lb. of scrap copper are then added, whichmelts and mixes with the sand at a very high temperature, and thefurnace is then allowed to cool. Whatever copper does not sink intothe hearth is ladled out as quickly as possible, and the operation repeatedtwo or three times, if necessary, until the bed is from 10 to 15 in. the last addition of copper is melted, the hearth is cooled for 2hours, and the furnace is then ready for use. The copper is charged through working doors at the side of the 422 HYDROMETALLURGY OF COPPER furnace, although quite frequently provision is made to charge througha hole in the arch. The refined copper cannot be tapped out, becauseof its extreme tendency to chill and clog the tap hole. Ladles aretherefore used to cast the copper into moulds. The bed of the furnace. ^^^#^^fcs^--. 2 slopes from all sides toward the ladling door, at which there is a depres-sion to act as a well. The ladling door, which may also be used as aworking door, is located at the flue wall, so that the cold air enteringmay pass directly into the stack, without either cooling or oxidizing themolten copper. Wood is the best fuel to use because it does not contain any sulphur REFINING OF COPPER PRECIPITATE 423 or other impurities to affect the copper injuriously. Next to wood,bituminous coal presents the most advantages; coal containing sulphurshould not be used. The coal should be .fired with a smokeless flame. The size of furnaces varies exceedingly; from 1 to 2 tons at a chargeas used in the Siberian refineries, to 15 and 20 tons as now used atLake Superior.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidcu3192400467, bookyear1912
