History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . Charles H. by C. C. Langill. 136 EXPANSION [1894 Spirit in a party known as the A. P. A.,or American Protective Association,marked these years. So early as 1875 poH-ticians had noticed the existence of a secret anti-Catholic organi-zation, the UnitedAmerican Mechanics,but it had a brief ca-reer. The A. P. A.,organized soon after1885, drew inspira-tion partly from thehostility of extremeProtestants to theWilliam L. strong. Roman CathoHc Church, and partly from the aversion felt bymany to
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . Charles H. by C. C. Langill. 136 EXPANSION [1894 Spirit in a party known as the A. P. A.,or American Protective Association,marked these years. So early as 1875 poH-ticians had noticed the existence of a secret anti-Catholic organi-zation, the UnitedAmerican Mechanics,but it had a brief ca-reer. The A. P. A.,organized soon after1885, drew inspira-tion partly from thehostility of extremeProtestants to theWilliam L. strong. Roman CathoHc Church, and partly from the aversion felt bymany toward the Irish. In 1894 the A. P. A.,though its actual membership was neverlarge, pretended to control 2,000,000 subterranean methods estranged fair-minded people. Still more turned againstit when its secret oath was exposed. TheA. P. A. member promised (i) never to favoror aid the nomination, election, or appoint-ment of a Roman Catholic to any political. 1894] CLEVELAND AGAIN PRESIDENT 137 office, and (2) never to employ a RomanCatholic in any capacity if the services of aProtestant could be obtaned. A. P. A. publicutterances garbled history and disseminatedclumsy falsehoods touching Catholics, whichreacted against the order. The Associationdeclined as swiftly as it rose. Chiefly affili-ating with the Republicans, it received nosubstantial countenance from any politicalparty. CHAPTER VIII. LABOR AND THE RAILWAYS In March, 1894, bands of the unemployedin various parts of the West, styling them-selves Commonweal, or Industrial Ar-mies, started for Washington to demandgovernment relief for labor. GeneralCoxey, of Ohio, led the van. GeneralKelly followed from Trans-Mississippi witha force at one time numbering 1, itinerant groups joined the aboveas they marched. For supplies the tatteredpilgrims taxed the sympathies or the fearsof people along their routes. Most of themwere well-meaning, but their destitutionprompted some small
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