. The arts in early England. he head. The formation of the catch for the pin atthe foot of the fibula offers a study in typological developmentsimilar to that presented by the head. In fibulae of whichPL xxxviii, 1, is an example, the end of the foot beyond wherethe actual catch was formed is carried further forward and endsin a kind of decorative flourish that carries it up to the bow towhich it is attached. This is an arrangement common in theLa Tene period prior to the Christian era. At a later time,about 11 , it became the fashion to turn this loose end of thefoot beyond the catch not
. The arts in early England. he head. The formation of the catch for the pin atthe foot of the fibula offers a study in typological developmentsimilar to that presented by the head. In fibulae of whichPL xxxviii, 1, is an example, the end of the foot beyond wherethe actual catch was formed is carried further forward and endsin a kind of decorative flourish that carries it up to the bow towhich it is attached. This is an arrangement common in theLa Tene period prior to the Christian era. At a later time,about 11 , it became the fashion to turn this loose end of thefoot beyond the catch not forward but towards the back and tobring it up underneath the bow to which it was then as in theformer arrangement attached. This constitutes the type offibula with returned foot or as the German writers say f mitumgeschlagenem Fuss. A simple example of the type, fromS. Russia in the Antiquarium, Berlin, is shown PL xl, i. Inlater fibulae traces of this primitive arrangement are often XL facing p. 259 EARLY CRUCIFORM FIBULAE. /, 2, J, 7, are Continental THE CRUCIFORM FIBULA 259 visible in the form of an ornamental collar round the bottomof the bow where it runs off into the foot, reminiscent of thecoil which attaches the returned end of the foot to thebow. This is seen for instance in the fibulae from Sackrau,PI. xxxviii, 3 to 5. In the primitive examples, like PI. xl, i,there is an open space between the upper line of the foot andthe lower part of it where it has been turned back, and tracesof this opening remain in later fibulae where most of it hasbeen closed up. This construction of the foot might of course co-exist withany kind of formation of the head, but as a matter of fact inIV and early V a kind of fibula was in use over part of the
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