. Electric railway journal . ons accompanying this article this passengerrecord is represented by the solid line. Likewise, the average number of seats offered duringthe same periods should be calculated in a similarmanner (number of cars passing the point of observa-tion times the average seating capacity). These averagedaily fifteen-minute totals are then plotted as shown bythe dotted lines. The areas shaded depend upon the relationship ofthese two lines with respect to each other. When thepassenger Service Demand curve is in excess of theseats furnished or the Service Supply curve, the area
. Electric railway journal . ons accompanying this article this passengerrecord is represented by the solid line. Likewise, the average number of seats offered duringthe same periods should be calculated in a similarmanner (number of cars passing the point of observa-tion times the average seating capacity). These averagedaily fifteen-minute totals are then plotted as shown bythe dotted lines. The areas shaded depend upon the relationship ofthese two lines with respect to each other. When thepassenger Service Demand curve is in excess of theseats furnished or the Service Supply curve, the areais shaded with double cross hatching, indicating pas-sengers standing. In portions of the chart where the sup-ply of seats is greater than the passenger demand, thearea is shaded with dotted-line hatching indicatingempty seats. Then the area shaded in single solid-linehatching would indicate passengers accommodated with 1 1E&END J _ Average per Day in 15 Minute Periods . Seats provided j f ;~J Empty Seats V \ \ 1 ^ H Yv/. CONVENIENT METHOD OF CHARTING SERVICE—THEUPPER CHART SHOWS BETTER PLANNINGTHAN THE LOWER ONE Under ideal conditions of a seat for every passengerand a passenger for every seat, the solid lines and thedotted lines would coincide, and the entire area would beshaded with only solid-line hatching. Unfortunately,such conditions do not prevail. By means of a series of such charts the managementcan, however, endeavor to keep down the area represent-ing empty seats, especially during portions of the day atwhich more than the basic service is provided. At thesame time the area representing standing passengerscan often be regulated so as better to serve the require-ments, ofttimes without additional expense. The Charts Show Actual Cases Both of the charts presented illustrate the actualconditions existing on lines of large properties in theUnited States. The first one is selected as typical ofwell applied service. The peaks in service correspondto the peaks of travel
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