Portraits and biographical sketches of twenty American authors . cyof letters over law, and he soon threw aside the lawyersgown. In 1869 he gave a course of lectures on the Positive Phi-losophy, in Harvard University ; in 1870 he filled a tem-porary appointment as an instructor in history; and in 1871gave thirty-five lectures on the Doctrine of Evolution,which lie afterwards expanded into his Outlines of CosmicPhilosophy. The next year he was made Assistant Libra-rian, and held the office for seven years. Since 1879 he has severed all academic connections, ex-cept as he has been an Overseer of
Portraits and biographical sketches of twenty American authors . cyof letters over law, and he soon threw aside the lawyersgown. In 1869 he gave a course of lectures on the Positive Phi-losophy, in Harvard University ; in 1870 he filled a tem-porary appointment as an instructor in history; and in 1871gave thirty-five lectures on the Doctrine of Evolution,which lie afterwards expanded into his Outlines of CosmicPhilosophy. The next year he was made Assistant Libra-rian, and held the office for seven years. Since 1879 he has severed all academic connections, ex-cept as he has been an Overseer of Harvard, and hasdevoted himself to writing and lecturing. He made him-self known especially as a lucid ex2)ositor of Spencer andDarwin ; he opened a striking vista in scientific thought inhis two notable papers on The Destiny of Man and TheIdea of God ; and of late he has won large audiences andgathered a great company of readers, as he has expoundedthe philosophical characteristics of American history andinstitutions. His home is in Cambridge, Massachusetts,. a^^p&^^^r^^. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Although Hawthornes life has been pretty fully illus-trated by his son Julian, his son-in-law G. P. Lathrop, byHenry James, and most of all by himself in his Note-Books^and though critics and poets have made much of the theme,the conception of this writer as exploring the dim recessesof the human spirit has so dominated mens thoughts, thatthere is a common consent to regard him as a mysteriousbeing in whom genius is such an infusing element as to ren-der even tlie familiar facts of his life capable of carryingdouble. Yet the external incidents of his career have a verymatter-of-fact sound. He was born in Salem, Massachu-setts, July 4, 1804, and when he was fourteen sj^ent a yearin the country solitude of Maine, where he led a somewhatisolated life in the most impressionable period of entered Bowdoin College in 1821, and was a classmateof Longfellow. He returned to Salem after gr
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