. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . I ;< I .WIN, WITH .MtC determine its holding qualities, .\fter theordinary test pressure had lieen applied,a special pressure of 3,500 pounds persquare inch was applied, and not a singledefect, not even a pinhole, developed. Theonly outward evidence of the unusualpressure being applied was the bulgingof the header. No machine could be pro-cured around Chicago thai could providea higher pressure on the boiler and the Railway Earnings in 1918. Tlie following is a


. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . I ;< I .WIN, WITH .MtC determine its holding qualities, .\fter theordinary test pressure had lieen applied,a special pressure of 3,500 pounds persquare inch was applied, and not a singledefect, not even a pinhole, developed. Theonly outward evidence of the unusualpressure being applied was the bulgingof the header. No machine could be pro-cured around Chicago thai could providea higher pressure on the boiler and the Railway Earnings in 1918. Tlie following is a summary of tlieearnings and expenses of the 195 railways. tually earned by roads of Class I undergovernment operation during 1918 and the5904,000,000 which they earned annually(hiring the test Fin. i).\ LOCOMO-TIVE DRIXTNG WHEEL BY .\RCWELDER. Class 1, embracing 180 carriers and 15switching and terminal companies, eachhaving annual revenues of above $1,000,-000, and compares the aggregates of 1918with those of 1917: Operating revenues for 1918 amountedto $4,913,319,604, an increase over 1917 of$862,856,025, or per cent. Freightrevenue increased per cent., andpassenger revenue per cent. Operat-ing expenses aggregated $4,006894,762,which was an increase over 1917 of $1,-148,682,552, or per cent. Maintenanceof way expenditures increased percent., maintenance of equipment percent., and transportation per operating ratio was per cent.,as compared with per cent, in operating revenue amounted to $906,-424,842, a decrease of $285,826,527, or 24per cent. Taxes were $186,652,095, an in-crease of per cent, over 1917. Xet operating income amounted in$690,418,778, a decrease of $284,360,159, pe


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