. The fruit garden. Fruit-culture; Fruit trees. Modified Fan and Horizontal Training Three-year trained tree on a s feet high espalier ; point of cutting back maiden tree is about 12 inches from ground ; (u) point of shortening leader at second pruning to 1 foot; (v) point of cutting back side shoots to 6 inches; (w) point of shortening leader at third pruning ; (j;)point of shortening side shoots at third pruning ; [y] branches originated for covering the trellis. This method com- bines the principles of the fan and horizontal training. The tree is trained with an upright stem, the maiden gro
. The fruit garden. Fruit-culture; Fruit trees. Modified Fan and Horizontal Training Three-year trained tree on a s feet high espalier ; point of cutting back maiden tree is about 12 inches from ground ; (u) point of shortening leader at second pruning to 1 foot; (v) point of cutting back side shoots to 6 inches; (w) point of shortening leader at third pruning ; (j;)point of shortening side shoots at third pruning ; [y] branches originated for covering the trellis. This method com- bines the principles of the fan and horizontal training. The tree is trained with an upright stem, the maiden growth and the subsequent leading growths are shortened each year to 12 inches, and side growths originated at this dis- tance. They are shortened to 6 inches so as to produce two vigorous growths from each, training them as shown. In this particular the system is that of the fan, but when the several growths reach their respective wires of the trellis each is trained horizontally. By this mode the trellis is furnished with branches in four years from the bud instead of six years, as by the horizontal method. The system is applicable to any height of espalier or wall, and obviously doubles the speed of forming branches for horizontal training in all but the first and last years of shortening the leader. cordons 3 feet apart. In the first instance I recommended single cordons as best, for the reason that when the single cordon has reached the top of the wall it is an advantage to the tree to encourage a second cordon from the base of the stem,. Single and Double Horizontal Cordons Properly planted and secured to wire not less than i foot from ground ; (s) maiden tree planted at an angle of 45°; (a) horizontal wire. The tree if well rooted and not unduly vigorous may be left intact, if not well rooted, shorten to the cross line, about one-third of its length. In the spring after planting cut off all growths below the wire and take forward a strong leading shoot from the upper part
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